Module: Health Threats
Chapter: 2. Air pollution

references

[1] United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2018). Particulate Matter (PM) Basics. Retrieved  from https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics#PM 

[2] Government of British Columbia, (2020). Air Pollution Sources. Retrieved from  https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/air-land-water/air/air-pollution 

[3] World Meteorological Organization/United Nations Environment Programme report, Scientific  Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1998 (WMO Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Report No. 44, Geneva, 1999) 

[4] Environment Canada (2012): Ambient levels of fine particulate matter;  http://www.ec.gc.ca/indicateurs-indicators/default.asp?lang=en&n=029BB000-

[5] New WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines aim to save millions of lives from air pollution. Accessed December 13, 2022. https://www.who.int/news/item/22-09-2021-new-who-global-air-quality-guidelines-aim-to-save-millions-of-lives-from-air-pollution

[6] HealthLink BC. (2018): Particulate Matter and Outdoor Air Pollution; Retrieved from  (https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthlinkbc-files/outdoor-air-pollution

[7] Climate Change Canada. (2017, June 27). Government of Canada. Retrieved from  https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/air pollution/publications/canadian-smog-science-assessment-highlights.html 

[8] Health Canada (2012): Our health, our environment: a snapshot of environmental health in  Canada; Ottawa: Health Canada. Retrieved from: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh semt/pubs/contaminants/sehc-asec/index-eng.php 

[9] Bloomer, B. J., Stehr, J. W., Piety, C. A., Salawitch, R. J., & Dickerson, R. R. (2009). Observed  relationships of ozone air pollution with temperature and emissions. Geophysical Research Letters, 36(9).  doi: 10.1029/2009gl037308 

[10] Ten health issues WHO will tackle this year. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news room/feature-stories/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019 

[11] Health Effects Institute. 2019. State of Global Air 2019, www.stateofglobalair

[12] Household air pollution. Accessed December 28, 2022. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health

[13] Health Effects Institute. 2019. State of Global Air 2019, www.stateofglobalair.org. 

[14] Government of Canada. (2019, August 6). Health Impacts of Air Pollution. Retrieved from  https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/air-quality/health-effects-indoor-air pollution.html 

[15] Sapkota, A., Symons, J. M., Kleissl, J., Wang, L., Parlange, M. B., Ondov, J., … Buckley, T. J.  (2005). Impact of the 2002 Canadian Forest Fires on Particulate Matter Air Quality in Baltimore  City. Environmental Science & Technology, 39(1), 24–32. doi: 10.1021/es035311z 

[16] Doiron D, Hoogh K de, Probst-Hensch N, et al. Air pollution, lung function and COPD: results from the population-based UK Biobank study. Eur Respir J. 2019;54(1). doi:10.1183/13993003.02140-2018

 

[17] Bourbeau J, Doiron D, Biswas S, et al. Ambient Air Pollution and Dysanapsis: Associations with Lung Function and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Canadian Cohort Obstructive Lung Disease Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;206(1):44-55. doi:10.1164/rccm.202106-1439OC

[18] Carlsten C. (2019). Environmental and Occupational Lung Disease 

19] Poole, J. A., Barnes, C. S., Demain, J. G., Bernstein, J. A., Padukudru, M. A., Sheehan, W. J., …  Nel, A. E. (2019). Impact of weather and climate change with indoor and outdoor air quality in  asthma: A Work Group Report of the AAAAI Environmental Exposure and Respiratory Health  Committee. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 143(5), 1702–1710. doi:  10.1016/j.jaci.2019.02.018 

[20] D'Amato, G., Holgate, S. T., Pawankar, R., & Ledford, D. (2015). Meteorological conditions,  climate change, new emerging factors, and asthma and related allergic disorders. A statement of the World Allergy Organization. World Allergy Organization Journal, 8(1), 1–52. doi:  10.1107/s0108768110054571/bk51012csup10.hkl 

[21] Pope, C. A. (1989). Respiratory disease associated with community air pollution and a steel mill,  Utah Valley. American Journal of Public Health, 79(5), 623–628. doi: 10.2105/ajph.79.5.623 

[22] Ziska, L., Knowlton, K., Rogers, C., Dalan, D., Tierney, N., Elder, M. A., … Frenz, D. (2011).  Recent warming by latitude associated with increased length of ragweed pollen season in central  North America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(10), 4248–4251. doi:  10.1073/pnas.1014107108 

[23] Takero, T., & Henderson, S. (2015). Climate Change Primer for Respirologists. Canadian Respiratory  Journal, 1(52). doi: 10.1155/2015/361687 

[24] Rajagopalan, S., Al-Kindi, S. G., & Brook, R. (2018). Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease:  JACC State-of-the-Art Review. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, (72), 2054–2070. doi:  10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.099 

[25] Nowka, M. R., Bard, R. L., Rubenfire, M., Jackson, E. A., & Brook, R. D. (2011). Patient awareness of the risks for heart disease posed by air pollution. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases,  53(5), 379-384. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2010.12.003 

[26] Newby, D. E., Mannucci, P. M., Tell, G. S., Baccarelli, A. A., Brook, R. D., Donaldson, K., . . .  ESC Working Group on Thrombosis, European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and  Rehabilitation. (2015). Expert position paper on air pollution and cardiovascular disease. European  Heart Journal, 36(2), 83-93. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu458

[27] Coffman, J. M., Cabana, M. D., Halpin, H. A., & Yelin, E. H. (2008). Effects of asthma education on children's use of acute care services: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 121(3), 575-586.  doi:10.1542/peds.2007-0113 

[28] Public Health Agency of Canada. (2018, June 8). Government of Canada. Retrieved from  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/environmental-public-health climate-change/climate-change-public-health-factsheets-air.html 

[29] Public Health Agency of Canada. (2018, June 8). Government of Canada. Retrieved from  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/environmental-public-health climate-change/climate-change-public-health-factsheets-air.html 

[30] Schmier, J. K., & Ebi, K. L. (2009). The impact of climate change and aeroallergens on children's health. Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, 30(3), 229-237. doi:10.2500/aap.2009.30.3229